ONCE Group

The ONCE Group was a collective of composers, visual artists, filmmakers and architects based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. ONCE hosted the ONCE Festival of contemporary music (1961-1966) and some of ONCE members also founded the Space theatre, the Cooperative studio for electronic music and the Ann Arbor film festival. Participants were among others: Robert Ashley, Pauline Oliveros, David Behrman, George Cacioppo, George Crevoshay, George Manupelli, Donald Scavarda, Roger Reynolds, Gordon Mumma, Harold Borkin, Bruce Wise, Robert Sheff, Philip Krumm, Milton Cohen.